Pace, magnitude, and nature of terrestrial climate change through the end-Permian extinction in southeastern Gondwana

Abstract Rapid climate change was a major contributor to the end-Permian extinction (EPE). Although well constrained for marine realm, relatively few records document pace, nature, and magnitude of across EPE in terrestrial environments. We generated proxy chemical weathering land surface temperature from continental margin deposits high-latitude southeastern Gondwana. Regional simulations provide additional context. Results show that Glossopteris forest-mire ecosystems collapsed during pulse intense peak warmth, which capped ?1 m.y. gradual warming intensification seasonality. Erosion resulting loss vegetation short lived low-relief landscape. Earliest Triassic ?10–14 °C warmer than late Lopingian landscapes were no longer persistently wet. Aridification, commonly linked EPE, developed gradually, facilitating persistence refugia moisture-loving groups.